Three passes: understand the evidence scale, scan the landmark trials, then compare compounds by study volume.
The legend below is not decoration — it's how we interpret every study summary across the site. Four tiers, descending in confidence.
Phase III randomized controlled trials with adequate power.
Phase I/II human trials, smaller cohorts, or strong observational data.
Animal models, in vitro work, or limited human evidence.
Anecdotal reports, case studies, or pre-clinical theory.
Defining the current clinical landscape — not just the most recent citations.
Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, et al.
“Semaglutide 2.4 mg reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% versus placebo in overweight or obese adults with established cardiovascular disease but without diabetes.”
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al.
“Tirzepatide 15 mg once-weekly produced a mean body weight reduction of 22.5% versus 2.4% with placebo in adults with obesity without diabetes.”
Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al.
“Tirzepatide at all three doses (5, 10, and 15 mg once weekly) was superior to semaglutide 1 mg once weekly for HbA1c reduction (−2.46% vs −1.86% at 15 mg) and body weight loss (−13.9 kg vs −5.5 kg …”
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al.
“Semaglutide 2.4 mg once-weekly produced 14.9% mean body weight reduction versus 2.4% with placebo in adults with obesity without diabetes.”
Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, et al.
“Subcutaneous bremelanotide 1.75 mg (PT-141) significantly improved sexually satisfying events and sexual desire scores versus placebo in premenopausal women with HSDD in two replicate Phase 3 trial…”
Clayton AH, Althof SE, Kingsberg S, et al.
“Bremelanotide (PT-141) 1.75 mg SC increased satisfying sexual events by 0.7 per month versus 0.4 for placebo and significantly reduced distress related to low sexual desire in premenopausal women w…”
Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, et al.
“Liraglutide 1.8 mg daily reduced MACE by 13% versus placebo in type 2 diabetes patients at high cardiovascular risk.”
Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al.
“Once-weekly semaglutide reduced the rate of cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke by 26% versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.”
Smart N, Risebro CA, Melville AAD, et al.
“Thymosin β4 priming of adult mice before myocardial infarction reactivated dormant epicardial progenitor cells, drove their differentiation into functional cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle…”
Kosfeld M, Heinrichs M, Zak PJ, et al.
“Intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) significantly increased investor transfers in a trust economic game compared to placebo (17 vs. 13 monetary units), demonstrating that oxytocin selectively enhances trus…”
Study count isn't the same as quality, but it's a useful starting point for comparing evidence maturity.